THE LISTENING ROOM IS ALSO INVOLVED IN BASS REPRODUCTION To the extent that bass has different phase in the recording between left and right channels, the bass may partially cancel with a single subwoofer. A single subwoofer will get you some sense of this space and may give you more bass than no subwoofer but that depends on the individual recording. If an acoustic instrument recording is made in a concert hall you will then hear the hall, the space in which the music was performed. Stereo subwoofers extend the bass and “open up” the midrange, giving a sense of space, the space in which the music was performed. Stereo subwoofers are a must, not single subwoofers.
We all know that placement sounds very bad as the whole musical tonal structure is influenced negatively by reflection from that wall. They would need to be quite close to the wall behind them to benefit from that reinforcement. Our experience is that it is not possible to position the main speakers for maximum output in this octave, even if they can reproduce it, and at the same time position them for best overall musical performance above 40Hz. To effectively extend response another octave to 20Hz at appropriately high levels requires subwoofers.
Most larger floorstanding speaker systems should try for 40Hz with low distortion and fairly high levels. This level is very difficult and very expensive to produce in an audio system. Equal loudness to that 80 dB SPL level in the midrange at very low frequencies (30Hz or so) is generally considered to be about 110 dB SPL. The lowest levels we can typically hear are in the 10-20dB SPL range. Zero dB SPL is a defined arbitrary level. Moderate levels in the midrange where most music is centered are in the range of 80dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level) or so. We are investigating this area of reproduction. The speaker must react forcefully and quickly. It is an important aspect of music with kick drum and concert bass drum. You need to move a lot of air very quickly to get impact. They can sound at 8Hz.Īll of these frequencies assume normal current tuning where A4 is 440Hz.īass impact is a totally different issue. There are a couple of organs with 64′ pipes. Big pipe organs will have more than one rank (set of 24 pipes) covering this range. Only electronic instruments and pipe organ sound in this range. even if we cannot hear much of the fundamental. So, we know a piano is playing A0 (27.5 Hz) because we hear the harmonic structure 55Hz, 82.5Hz etc. The answer is that we place the note in our mind by the interval between the harmonics. You might ask if you can’t here the fundamental why bother to be able to play the note. Contrabassoon can play C1 but the fundamental is essentially absent. The fundamental of this note A0 is quite audible on a 9′ concert grand – not audible on a spinet (small upright piano).ĭouble bass with extension and a concert grand piano can produce reasonable levels of their lowest fundamental frequency. The lowest note on a piano is A0 (27.5 Hz). An upright bass with extension goes down to C1 (32.7Hz). This range is very difficult to reproduce at a level you can hear with acceptably low distortion. Some acoustic instruments and electronic instruments have fundamentals in this range. Harmonics are generally the fundamental times 2, 3, etc. The second harmonic is thus twice the pitch frequency and so forth. The fundamental of a note is its musical pitch. I would consider bass arbitrarily to be below C2 (65.41 Hz). For normally tuned bass guitar and upright double bass, note fundamentals extend down to E1, (open E). E2 is the lowest note on a guitar and on the Tympani (tuned drum).Īctually, 41.02 Hz for E1 to 82.4 Hz for E2. Many instruments and voices (baritone and bass) have notes in this range. LOWER MIDRANGE (80-160 Hz octave/E2 to E3) So here is a look at the issues and my definitions of ranges. It’s essential that we equate musical instrument ranges to frequency to get the best result from speakers and woofers. Most people don’t equate music with frequency (frequency is cycles per second, now called Hertz “Hz”).
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